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href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/what-is-electrical-circuit-theory.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'> <time class='published' datetime='2022-07-13T11:19:00-07:00' title='2022-07-13T11:19:00-07:00'> July 13, 2022 </time> </a> </span> </div> </div> <div class='snippet-thumbnail'> <img alt='Image' sizes='(min-width: 954px) 842px, (min-width: 801px) calc(100vw - 112px), calc(100vw - 64px)' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnXAkWXoE1ZyLTcKIvAe7JdSWu9_TKm70FQKSryoLBIPdOo1zpqMfsd8Hh1d3Mgi8goiNaLsyVlpEjLkH9IWsfCcIXOm2wSEmjdEDnwwSpD2y8ORbz5TtkCf32F0cetMfxMq-qF-qEGEMkaDSNsDDvuB5F2yIsgKt_luVFsBlF68F_zyfx9VmIUNav/s320/electrical%20circuit-1.jpg' srcset='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnXAkWXoE1ZyLTcKIvAe7JdSWu9_TKm70FQKSryoLBIPdOo1zpqMfsd8Hh1d3Mgi8goiNaLsyVlpEjLkH9IWsfCcIXOm2wSEmjdEDnwwSpD2y8ORbz5TtkCf32F0cetMfxMq-qF-qEGEMkaDSNsDDvuB5F2yIsgKt_luVFsBlF68F_zyfx9VmIUNav/w256-h162-p-k-no-nu/electrical%20circuit-1.jpg 256w, https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnXAkWXoE1ZyLTcKIvAe7JdSWu9_TKm70FQKSryoLBIPdOo1zpqMfsd8Hh1d3Mgi8goiNaLsyVlpEjLkH9IWsfCcIXOm2wSEmjdEDnwwSpD2y8ORbz5TtkCf32F0cetMfxMq-qF-qEGEMkaDSNsDDvuB5F2yIsgKt_luVFsBlF68F_zyfx9VmIUNav/w512-h325-p-k-no-nu/electrical%20circuit-1.jpg 512w, https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnXAkWXoE1ZyLTcKIvAe7JdSWu9_TKm70FQKSryoLBIPdOo1zpqMfsd8Hh1d3Mgi8goiNaLsyVlpEjLkH9IWsfCcIXOm2wSEmjdEDnwwSpD2y8ORbz5TtkCf32F0cetMfxMq-qF-qEGEMkaDSNsDDvuB5F2yIsgKt_luVFsBlF68F_zyfx9VmIUNav/w945-h600-p-k-no-nu/electrical%20circuit-1.jpg 945w, https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnXAkWXoE1ZyLTcKIvAe7JdSWu9_TKm70FQKSryoLBIPdOo1zpqMfsd8Hh1d3Mgi8goiNaLsyVlpEjLkH9IWsfCcIXOm2wSEmjdEDnwwSpD2y8ORbz5TtkCf32F0cetMfxMq-qF-qEGEMkaDSNsDDvuB5F2yIsgKt_luVFsBlF68F_zyfx9VmIUNav/w1684-h1069-p-k-no-nu/electrical%20circuit-1.jpg 1684w'/> </div> <div class='post-snippet snippet-container r-snippet-container'> <div class='snippet-item r-snippetized'> One of the most important aspects of electrical engineering is electrical circuit theory. Understanding how individual and collective components interact is the foundation for designing, manufacturing, and troubleshooting all types of electronic devices and systems. An electrical circuit, in its most basic form, is a path for an electric current to flow from one point to another. Any circuit is constructed with two types of components. These are known as the "active" components, which provide energy, and the "passive" components, which consume energy. In electrical circuit theory, active components are typically batteries or generators. Every circuit has following three basic components on a high level: Voltage Source Electrical Path Load Voltage Source The potential difference between the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals of a voltage source introduces energy into a circuit. The main difference between AC and DC voltage sources is how the current flows. AC so </div> <a class='snippet-fade r-snippet-fade hidden' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/what-is-electrical-circuit-theory.html'></a> </div> <div class='post-bottom'> <div class='post-footer float-container'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='byline post-comment-link container'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/what-is-electrical-circuit-theory.html#comments' onclick=''> <svg class='svg-icon-24 touch-icon'> <use xlink:href='/responsive/sprite_v1_6.css.svg#ic_mode_comment_black_24dp' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'></use> </svg> <span class='num_comments'> Post a Comment </span> </a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> </div> </div> <div class='jump-link flat-button ripple'> <a href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/what-is-electrical-circuit-theory.html' title='What is electrical circuit theory?'> Keep Reading </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div><div class='widget Blog' data-version='2' id='Blog1'> <div class='blog-posts hfeed container'> <article class='post-outer-container'> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post'> <script type='application/ld+json'>{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/how-transistor-works.html" }, "headline": "How transistor works?","description": "A transistor can act as a switch or an amplifier thanks to its unique architecture. This is done by twisting a valve to control a supply of ...","datePublished": "2022-07-03T10:27:00-07:00", "dateModified": "2022-07-03T10:29:04-07:00","image": { "@type": "ImageObject","url": "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtvUX18SVHhTpQTI1Cdhp95Eh4F3UqeAxkWu_DEuaZ2U7oYrmYj1gt3sgqpMKgJcLWCeVaZUC_0gl5T1Sk7aHNJWRze1wf2Cw2NpRQzzUvb9GtrfcTJXBJhohTxBKrJD4ezaNxlQZQDM1pKFwJOvOwFT5Sx2NvUiIuLNO-cS4iqTb1QbbB03k4d4i2/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/transistor-1.png", "height": 630, "width": 1200},"publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Blogger", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/U2hvZWJveA/AVvXsEgfMvYAhAbdHksiBA24JKmb2Tav6K0GviwztID3Cq4VpV96HaJfy0viIu8z1SSw_G9n5FQHZWSRao61M3e58ImahqBtr7LiOUS6m_w59IvDYwjmMcbq3fKW4JSbacqkbxTo8B90dWp0Cese92xfLMPe_tg11g/h60/", "width": 206, "height": 60 } },"author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Prasun Barua" } }</script> <a name='3807504661072433642'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title'> <a href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/how-transistor-works.html'>How transistor works?</a> </h3> <div class='post-share-buttons post-share-buttons-top'> <div class='byline post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <div aria-owns='sharing-popup-Blog1-byline-3807504661072433642' class='sharing' data-title='How transistor works?'> <button aria-controls='sharing-popup-Blog1-byline-3807504661072433642' aria-label='Share' class='sharing-button touch-icon-button' id='sharing-button-Blog1-byline-3807504661072433642' role='button'> <div class='flat-icon-button ripple'> <svg class='svg-icon-24'> <use xlink:href='/responsive/sprite_v1_6.css.svg#ic_share_black_24dp' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'></use> </svg> </div> </button> <div class='share-buttons-container'> <ul aria-hidden='true' aria-label='Share' class='share-buttons hidden' id='sharing-popup-Blog1-byline-3807504661072433642' role='menu'> <li> <span aria-label='Get link' class='sharing-platform-button 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id='post-snippet-3807504661072433642'> <div class='snippet-thumbnail'> <img alt='Image' sizes='(max-width: 800px) 20vw, 128px' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtvUX18SVHhTpQTI1Cdhp95Eh4F3UqeAxkWu_DEuaZ2U7oYrmYj1gt3sgqpMKgJcLWCeVaZUC_0gl5T1Sk7aHNJWRze1wf2Cw2NpRQzzUvb9GtrfcTJXBJhohTxBKrJD4ezaNxlQZQDM1pKFwJOvOwFT5Sx2NvUiIuLNO-cS4iqTb1QbbB03k4d4i2/w100-h200/transistor-1.png' srcset='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtvUX18SVHhTpQTI1Cdhp95Eh4F3UqeAxkWu_DEuaZ2U7oYrmYj1gt3sgqpMKgJcLWCeVaZUC_0gl5T1Sk7aHNJWRze1wf2Cw2NpRQzzUvb9GtrfcTJXBJhohTxBKrJD4ezaNxlQZQDM1pKFwJOvOwFT5Sx2NvUiIuLNO-cS4iqTb1QbbB03k4d4i2/w32-h32-p-k-no-nu/transistor-1.png 32w, https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtvUX18SVHhTpQTI1Cdhp95Eh4F3UqeAxkWu_DEuaZ2U7oYrmYj1gt3sgqpMKgJcLWCeVaZUC_0gl5T1Sk7aHNJWRze1wf2Cw2NpRQzzUvb9GtrfcTJXBJhohTxBKrJD4ezaNxlQZQDM1pKFwJOvOwFT5Sx2NvUiIuLNO-cS4iqTb1QbbB03k4d4i2/w64-h64-p-k-no-nu/transistor-1.png 64w, https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtvUX18SVHhTpQTI1Cdhp95Eh4F3UqeAxkWu_DEuaZ2U7oYrmYj1gt3sgqpMKgJcLWCeVaZUC_0gl5T1Sk7aHNJWRze1wf2Cw2NpRQzzUvb9GtrfcTJXBJhohTxBKrJD4ezaNxlQZQDM1pKFwJOvOwFT5Sx2NvUiIuLNO-cS4iqTb1QbbB03k4d4i2/w128-h128-p-k-no-nu/transistor-1.png 128w, https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtvUX18SVHhTpQTI1Cdhp95Eh4F3UqeAxkWu_DEuaZ2U7oYrmYj1gt3sgqpMKgJcLWCeVaZUC_0gl5T1Sk7aHNJWRze1wf2Cw2NpRQzzUvb9GtrfcTJXBJhohTxBKrJD4ezaNxlQZQDM1pKFwJOvOwFT5Sx2NvUiIuLNO-cS4iqTb1QbbB03k4d4i2/w256-h256-p-k-no-nu/transistor-1.png 256w'/> </div> <div class='post-snippet snippet-container r-snippet-container'> <div class='snippet-item r-snippetized'> A transistor can act as a switch or an amplifier thanks to its unique architecture. This is done by twisting a valve to control a supply of water, or a little amount of electricity to control a gate on a much bigger supply of electricity. The base, collector, and emitter are the three components that make up a transistor. The base serves as the bigger electrical supply's gate controller. The emitter serves as the outlet for the greater electrical supply, which is located in the collector. The amount of current flowing through the gate from the collector can be controlled by sending different amounts of current from the base.  This allows for the regulation of enormous currents, such as those in amplifiers, with extremely small currents. The identical procedure is used to generate the binary code for digital processors; however, in this instance, a voltage threshold of five volts is required to open the collector gate. The transistor is being utilized in this fashion as a binary swi </div> <a class='snippet-fade r-snippet-fade hidden' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/how-transistor-works.html'></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-bottom'> <div class='post-footer float-container'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='byline post-comment-link container'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/how-transistor-works.html#comments' onclick=''> <svg class='svg-icon-24 touch-icon'> <use xlink:href='/responsive/sprite_v1_6.css.svg#ic_mode_comment_black_24dp' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'></use> </svg> <span class='num_comments'> Post a Comment </span> </a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> </div> </div> <div class='jump-link flat-button ripple'> <a href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/07/how-transistor-works.html' title='How transistor works?'> 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However, Zener diodes or "breakdown diodes" as they are sometimes called, are essentially the same as standard PN junction diodes, but specially designed to have a specified low reverse breakdown voltage taking advantage of any reverse voltage is applied. to her. The Zener diode works like a regular general purpose diode made of PN silicon junction and when it is forward biased. That is, anode to its cathode it behaves like a normal signal diode carry rated current.  However, unlike a conventional diode which blocks all current flowing through itself when reverse biased i.e. cathode becomes more positive than anode, as soon as reverse voltage reaches a predetermined value, Zener diode start to lead in the opposite direction. This is because when the reverse voltage applied across the Zener diode exceeds the rated volta </div> <a class='snippet-fade r-snippet-fade hidden' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/06/what-is-zener-diode-and-how-it-works.html'></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-bottom'> <div class='post-footer float-container'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='byline post-comment-link container'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/06/what-is-zener-diode-and-how-it-works.html#comments' onclick=''> <svg class='svg-icon-24 touch-icon'> <use xlink:href='/responsive/sprite_v1_6.css.svg#ic_mode_comment_black_24dp' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'></use> </svg> <span class='num_comments'> Post a Comment </span> </a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> </div> </div> <div class='jump-link flat-button ripple'> <a 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<div class='post-snippet snippet-container r-snippet-container'> <div class='snippet-item r-snippetized'> We know that a half wave single phase rectifier produces an output wave every half cycle, and it is not practical to use this type of circuit to generate a continuous DC power supply. However, the full-wave bridge rectifier gives us a higher average continuous value (0.637 Vmax) with less ripple superposition while the output waveform is twice the frequency of the input power supply frequency.  We can develop the average DC output of the rectifier while reducing the AC variation of the rectifier output by using smoothing capacitors to filter the output waveform. Smoothing capacitors or condensers connected in parallel with the load through the output of the full-wave bridge rectifier further increases the average DC output because the capacitor acts as a storage device as shown below. The smoothing capacitor converts the rippled full-wave output of the rectifier into a smoother DC output voltage. Now, if we run the simulator circuit with different values of the installed smoothing capa </div> <a class='snippet-fade r-snippet-fade hidden' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/06/full-wave-rectifier-with-smooting.html'></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-bottom'> <div class='post-footer float-container'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='byline post-comment-link container'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/06/full-wave-rectifier-with-smooting.html#comments' onclick=''> <svg class='svg-icon-24 touch-icon'> <use xlink:href='/responsive/sprite_v1_6.css.svg#ic_mode_comment_black_24dp' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'></use> </svg> <span class='num_comments'> Post a Comment </span> </a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> </div> </div> <div class='jump-link flat-button ripple'> <a href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/2022/06/full-wave-rectifier-with-smooting.html' title='Full Wave Rectifier with Smooting Capacitor'> Keep Reading </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class='blog-pager container' id='blog-pager'> <a class='blog-pager-older-link flat-button ripple' href='https://www.prasunbarua.com/search?updated-max=2022-06-26T21:26:00-07:00&max-results=7' title='More posts'> More posts </a> </div> </div><div class='widget HTML' data-version='2' id='HTML10'> <div class='widget-content'> <script type="text/javascript"> amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; 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