How to Design Earthing and Bonding Systems for Substations A substation is one of the most critical nodes in an electrical power system. It contains high-voltage equipment, transformers, switchgear, protec…
Rooftop Solar PV Design Guide: Tilt Angle, Row Spacing, and Bifacial Panel Layout Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are one of the most reliable and scalable ways to generate clean electricity on rooftops. Whether for resid…
How to Design Lightning Protection Systems for Buildings Lightning is one of the most powerful natural electrical phenomena, capable of producing currents exceeding 200 kA and temperatures above 30,000…
How to Design Backup Power Systems Using Generators and ATS In modern electrical infrastructure, uninterrupted power supply is critical for residential buildings , commercial facilities , hospitals , data c…
Difference Between Star and Delta Connections: Theory and Calculations In three-phase electrical systems , two of the most common methods of connecting loads, generators, and transformers are the Star (Y) and Delta (Δ)…
Earthing System Types: TT, TN-S, TN-C-S, and IT Explained Clearly Earthing , also known as grounding, is one of the most critical aspects of electrical system design. While it often receives less attention than cond…
Top 10 Most Common Electrical Problems and How They Are Diagnosed Electricity is essential to modern life, powering homes, offices, hospitals, factories, and critical infrastructure. Yet, despite modern standards an…