Optimal Load Flow Analysis in Modern Power Grids Using AI Technique

Optimal Load Flow Analysis in Modern Power Grids Using AI Technique

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is the core optimization problem for operating electric power systems efficiently and securely. With increasing penetration of variable renewables, distributed energy resources, and fast market dynamics, traditional OPF solvers face challenges meeting strict latency, scalability, and robustness requirements. Modern AI techniques — supervised learning, graph neural networks, reinforcement learning, and physics-aware models — provide a new toolkit to speed up OPF, improve scalability, and enable real-time decision making. This article gives a precise, technical treatment: mathematical formulation, AI approaches, a worked example, implementation recipes, evaluation metrics, and FAQs. 1. Problem statement — mathematical OPF formulation (DC approximation) We present the commonly used DC OPF (linearized) formulation because it makes the technical points clear while remaining tractable. For an n n -bus system: Decision variables: P g , i P_{g,i} — active power generated at gen…