How Photons Generate Electricity: Complete Guide to Solar Energy
Learn how photons generate electricity in solar cells with clear explanations, examples, and equations. Complete guide to solar energy science.
How Photons Generate Electricity: Complete Guide to Solar Energy
Electricity from light is one of the most important breakthroughs in modern science. Every time sunlight hits a solar panel , trillions of tiny particles called photons strike the semiconductor surface and free electrons . These electrons then flow as electric current , powering homes, industries, and satellites. This article gives an in-depth explanation of exactly how photons generate electricity, including detailed physics, equations, real-world examples, calculations, and FAQs. What Is a Photon? A photon is the fundamental particle of light. It carries electromagnetic energy but has no mass and no electric charge. The energy of a photon depends solely on its wavelength or frequency . The photon energy is given by the famous quantum equation :
\[
E = \frac{hc}{\lambda}
\]
Where: \(E\) = photon energy (joules) \(h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34}\) J·s ( Planck’s constant ) \(c = 3 \times 10^{8}\) m/s ( speed of light ) \(\lambda\) = photon wavelength (meters) This equation shows that shorter wavelengths ha…
About the author
Prasun Barua is a graduate engineer in Electrical and Electronic Engineering with a passion for simplifying complex technical concepts for learners and professionals alike. He has authored numerous highly regarded books covering a wide range of elec…
